• Theory Of Relativity
• Theory Definition
• Theory Definition

Another word for theory. Find more ways to say theory, along with related words, antonyms and example phrases at Thesaurus.com, the world's most trusted free thesaurus. Nobuo Sato, the current Nathan Isgur Fellow in Nuclear Theory at Jefferson Lab, has been awarded a 2020 DOE Early Career Award.The five-year award will be used to develop the next generation of QCD global analysis for hadronic physics, to assimilate information about quantum correlation functions (PDFs, TMDs, GPDs) from experimental data. Our new album, Say Nothing, is out now! Get the album: https://theory.lnk.to/saynothing.

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String theory, in particle physics, a theory that attempts to merge quantum mechanics with Albert Einstein’s general theory of relativity. The name string theory comes from the modeling of subatomic particles as tiny one-dimensional “stringlike” entities rather than the more conventional approach in which they are modeled as zero-dimensional point particles. The theory envisions that a string undergoing a particular mode of vibration corresponds to a particle with definite properties such as mass and charge. In the 1980s, physicists realized that string theory had the potential to incorporate all four of nature’s forces—gravity, electromagnetism, strong force, and weak force—and all types of matter in a single quantum mechanical framework, suggesting that it might be the long-sought unified field theory. While string theory is still a vibrant area of research that is undergoing rapid development, it remains primarily a mathematical construct because it has yet to make contact with experimental observations.

Theory Of Relativity

Relativity and quantum mechanics

In 1905 Einstein unified space and time (seespace-time) with his special theory of relativity, showing that motion through space affects the passage of time. In 1915 Einstein further unified space, time, and gravitation with his general theory of relativity, showing that warps and curves in space and time are responsible for the force of gravity. These were monumental achievements, but Einstein dreamed of an even grander unification. He envisioned one powerful framework that would account for space, time, and all of nature’s forces—something he called a unified theory. For the last three decades of his life, Einstein relentlessly pursued this vision. Although from time to time rumours spread that he had succeeded, closer scrutiny always dashed such hopes. Most of Einstein’s contemporaries considered the search for a unified theory to be a hopeless, if not misguided, quest.

In contrast, the primary concern of theoretical physicists from the 1920s onward was quantum mechanics—the emerging framework for describing atomic and subatomic processes. Particles at these scales have such tiny masses that gravity is essentially irrelevant in their interactions, and so for decades quantum mechanical calculations generally ignored general relativistic effects. Instead, by the late 1960s the focus was on a different force—the strong force, which binds together the protons and neutrons within atomic nuclei. Gabriele Veneziano, a young theorist working at the European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), contributed a key breakthrough in 1968 with his realization that a 200-year-old formula, the Euler beta function, was capable of explaining much of the data on the strong force then being collected at various particle accelerators around the world. A few years later, three physicists—Leonard Susskind of Stanford University, Holger Nielsen of the Niels Bohr Institute, and Yoichiro Nambu of the University of Chicago—significantly amplified Veneziano’s insight by showing that the mathematics underlying his proposal described the vibrational motion of minuscule filaments of energy that resemble tiny strands of string, inspiring the name string theory. Roughly speaking, the theory suggested that the strong force amounted to strings tethering together particles attached to the strings’ endpoints.

Predictions and theoretical difficulties

String theory was an intuitively attractive proposal, but by the mid-1970s more-refined measurements of the strong force had deviated from its predictions, leading most researchers to conclude that string theory had no relevance to the physical universe, no matter how elegant the mathematical theory. Nevertheless, a small number of physicists continued to pursue string theory. In 1974 John Schwarz of the California Institute of Technology and Joel Scherk of the École Normale Supérieure and, independently, Tamiaki Yoneya of Hokkaido University came to a radical conclusion. They suggested that one of the supposedly failed predictions of string theory—the existence of a particular massless particle that no experiment studying the strong force had ever encountered—was actually evidence of the very unification Einstein had anticipated.

Although no one had succeeded in merging general relativity and quantum mechanics, preliminary work had established that such a union would require precisely the massless particle predicted by string theory. A few physicists argued that string theory, by having this particle built into its fundamental structure, had united the laws of the large (general relativity) and the laws of the small (quantum mechanics). Rather than merely being a description of the strong force, these physicists contended, string theory required reinterpretation as a critical step toward Einstein’s unified theory.

The announcement was universally ignored. String theory had already failed in its first incarnation as a description of the strong force, and many felt it was unlikely that it would now prevail as the solution to an even more difficult problem. This view was bolstered by string theory’s suffering from its own theoretical problems. For one, some of its equations showed signs of being inconsistent; for another, the mathematics of the theory demanded the universe have not just the three spatial dimensions of common experience but six others (for a total of nine spatial dimensions, or a total of ten space-time dimensions).

Theory Definition

Theory (stylized as theory) is a New York-based men's and women's contemporary fashionlabel which sells clothes and accessories. The brand currently has 221 retail locations and global sales approaching $1 billion in 2014.^[1] The company's headquarters and flagship boutique are located in Manhattan's Meatpacking District.^[2]

Origins and development[edit]

In 1997, Andrew Rosen, former CEO of Anne Klein and a Calvin Klein executive, launched Theory with co-founder Elie Tahari in New York City as a women's collection, with a focus on comfortable stretch pants. The collection performed well and a men's line was added in 1999.^[3]

In 2000, a license agreement was formed with Link International of Japan, established in 1998, to manufacture, and distribute the brand as well as operate stores under the Theory name in Asia, predominantly Japan. Women's handbags and shoes were introduced in 2003, and launched nationally in the U.S. for Spring 2006.

In 2012 The Council of Fashion Designers of America (CFDA) announces Andrew Rosen as the recipient of the Founders Award given in honor of Eleanor Lambert. Theory makes its first move into France with two store openings in Paris. Helmut Lang opens its first West Coast dedicated retail space on Melrose Avenue in Los Angeles.

In 2013 Andrew Rosen and the CFDA spearhead the Fashion Manufacturing Initiative, a project whose ambition is to invest in and guarantee the future of garment factories in Manhattan.

In 2014, Lisa Kulson, former vice president and head designer at Theory, returns as creative director of women's design.

In 2015, Theory unveils a new logo, its first redesign in 18 years. The branding initiative debuts with the Spring Summer 2015 advertising campaign, featuring Natalia Vodianova with photography by David Sims.

Acquisition by Link International and Fast Retailing[edit]

In September 2003, Link International bought an 89% stake in the Theory company for $100 million, after Japanese giant textile firm Fast Retailing Co. of Tokyo - established in 1963 and owner of the popular Uniqlo brand - had acquired a 47.1% stake in Link.^[4] Rosen received $49 million, retained the remaining 11% in the new company, and was replaced as CEO by Chikara Sasaki of Link but remained president and COO. Tahari was allocated $53 million of the sale and had no shares in the new company which was renamed Theory Holdings. The deal was explained by the fact that the label was to become a truly 'global brand'.^[5][6] The Japanese parent company has since then traded under the name of Link Theory Holdings and went public in 2005. Fast Retailing had held a 32.32% stake in LTH since 2004. In spring 2009, Fast Retailing acquired the remaining stock and LTH became a fully owned subsidiary of Fast Retailing.^[7]

Link Theory Holdings[edit]

Theory's owner, Link Theory Holdings (LTH), bought fashion house Helmut Lang from Prada^[8] and German fashion label Rosner in 2005. Rosner's European production and distribution network was to help expand the Theory label in the European market over the following few years. However, in the end of 2008, Link Theory sold Rosner to a German private equity firm reasoning that LTH was to penetrate the European market by means of their own European subsidiaries.

Theory is Link Theory's core brand. Other brands include Helmut Lang, PLS+T and footwear label Jean-Michel Cazabat. For the Japanese market, exclusive sub-labels of the Theory brand, such as 'Theory men', 'Theory luxe', 'Theory petit' have been created. Link Theory is headquartered in Aoyama, Tokyo.

Stores[edit]

At the end of February 2016, Theory boasted a total of 489 stores (including franchise).

Theory Definition

In North America, Theory has boutiques in Aspen, Atlanta, Aventura, Costa Mesa, Dallas -Highland Park Village, East Hampton, Greenwich, Westport, Los Angeles, New York City, Palm Beach, Philadelphia, Manchester, Vermont and San Francisco. The Theory label's headquarters and design offices are located in New York City's Meatpacking District, at 2 Gansevoort Street. The building also houses a Theory flagship store.

Collaborations[edit]

In 2016, Theory pursued a collaboration with fellow fast-retailing brand Uniqlo touted under the slogan 'Japanese engineering, New York Style.' The collection was a capsule men's wardrobe featuring 4 different styles of shirts in 4 colors each and received widespread positive feedback for providing the same minimalist philosophy at a significantly lower price point.^[9]

Lawsuit[edit]

In 2006, Tahari sued his former partner Rosen (as well as Link Theory Holdings and Sasaki) for having urged Tahari to sell Theory at a price below its value to the Japanese in 2003, seeking damages and a share in the proceeds from the company's IPO in excess of $180 million. Rosen had also said that he would retire from the company within a year from the sale when, in fact, after Tahari's departure, he stayed on as the newly established company's president.^[10] Link Theory called Tahari's complaint 'frivolous claims.'^[11] Rosen labeled it 'seller's remorse' and the case was later dismissed by a New York judge, even denying Tahari's claim for unpaid royalties by Theory's then Asian licensee, Link International.^[12]

References[edit]

1. ^Lockwood, Lisa. 'Theory Gets a Makeover for Spring'. wwd.com. Women's Wear Daily. Retrieved 25 February 2015.
2. ^Albo, Mike. 'If You Really Need the Big Price Tag'. nytimes.com. The New York Times. Retrieved 27 February 2015.
3. ^Mead, Rebecca (23 September 2013). 'The Garmento King'. The New Yorker. Retrieved 28 February 2015.
4. ^Marc Karimzadeh (30 January 2006). 'Tahari's New World Accessories and More to Grow Brand to $1B'(PDF). WWD Monday. pp. 1, 10. Retrieved 5 December 2008.
5. ^PR Newswire: Andrew Rosen and Elie Tahari Announce Sale of Theory LLC (9 September 2003)
6. ^LTH: LTH ANNUAL REPORT 2006 (28 November 2006)
7. ^'Fast Retailing Lives Up to Name With Global Gains'. Wall Street Journal. Retrieved 16 July 2015.
8. ^Eric Wilson (2 November 2006). 'After Helmut'. NY Times. Retrieved 5 December 2008.
9. ^'UNIQLO & Theory Fuse Japanese Engineering With New York Style in New Capsule'. Highsnobiety. 24 May 2016. Retrieved 1 August 2016.
10. ^Suzanne Kapner (7 September 2006). 'Tahari Sues Ex-Partner'. NY Post. Retrieved 5 December 2008.
11. ^'Lawsuit against LTH Group'(PDF) (Press release). Link Theory Holdings Co., LTD. 8 September 2006. Retrieved 5 December 2008.
12. ^Suzanne Kapner (26 June 2007). 'Split Seams'. NY Post. Archived from the original on 18 September 2007. Retrieved 5 December 2008.

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